On
Sunday France will hold its presidential runoff. Most observers expect
Emmanuel Macron, a centrist, to defeat Marine Le Pen, the white
nationalist — please, let’s stop dignifying this stuff by calling it
“populism.” And I’m pretty sure that Times rules allow me to state
directly that I very much hope the conventional wisdom is right. A Le
Pen victory would be a disaster for Europe and the world.
Yet
I also think it’s fair to ask a couple of questions about what’s going
on. First, how did things get to this point? Second, would a Le Pen
defeat be anything more than a temporary reprieve from the ongoing
European crisis?
Some
background: Like everyone on this side of the Atlantic, I can’t help
seeing France in part through Trump-colored glasses. But it’s important
to realize that the parallels between French and American politics exist
despite big differences in underlying economic and social trends.
To
begin, while France gets an amazing amount of bad press — much of it
coming from ideologues who insist that generous welfare states must have
disastrous effects — it’s actually a fairly successful economy. Believe
it or not, French adults in their prime working years (25 to 54) are
substantially more likely than their U.S. counterparts to be gainfully employed.
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They’re
also just about equally productive. It’s true that the French over all
produce about a quarter less per person then we do — but that’s mainly
because they take more vacations and retire younger, which are not
obviously terrible things.
And
while France, like almost everyone, has seen a gradual decline in
manufacturing jobs, it never experienced anything quite like the “China shock” that sent U.S. manufacturing employment off a cliff in the early 2000s.
Meanwhile,
against the background of this not-great-but-not-terrible economy,
France offers a social safety net beyond the wildest dreams of U.S.
progressives: guaranteed high-quality health care for all, generous paid
leave for new parents, universal pre-K, and much more.
Last
but not least, France — perhaps because of these policy differences,
perhaps for other reasons — isn’t experiencing anything comparable to
the social collapse that seems to be afflicting much of white America.
Yes, France has big social problems; who doesn’t? But it shows little
sign of the surge in “deaths of despair”
— mortality from drugs, alcohol and suicide — that Anne Case and Angus
Deaton have shown to be taking place in the U.S. white working class.
In
short, France is hardly a utopia, but by most standards it is offering
its citizens a fairly decent life. So why are so many willing to vote
for — again, let’s not use euphemisms — a racist extremist?
There
are, no doubt, multiple reasons, especially cultural anxiety over
Islamic immigrants. But it seems clear that votes for Le Pen will in
part be votes of protest against what are perceived as the highhanded,
out-of-touch officials running the European Union. And that perception
unfortunately has an element of truth.
Those
of us who watched European institutions deal with the debt crisis that
began in Greece and spread across much of Europe were shocked at the
combination of callousness and arrogance that prevailed throughout.
Even though Brussels and Berlin were wrong again and again about the economics — even though the austerity
they imposed was every bit as economically disastrous as critics warned
— they continued to act as if they knew all the answers, that any
suffering along the way was, in effect, necessary punishment for past
sins.
Politically,
Eurocrats got away with this behavior because small nations were easy
to bully, too terrified of being cut off from euro financing to stand up
to unreasonable demands. But Europe’s elite will be making a terrible
mistake if it believes it can behave the same way to bigger players.
Indeed, there are already intimations of disaster in the negotiations now taking place between the European Union and Britain.
I
wish Britons hadn’t voted for Brexit, which will make Europe weaker and
their own country poorer. But E.U. officials are sounding more and more
like a jilted spouse determined to extract maximum damages in a divorce settlement.
And this is just plain insane. Like it or not, Europe will have to live
with post-Brexit Britain, and Greece-style bullying just isn’t going to
work on a nation as big, rich and proud as the U.K.
Which
brings me back to the French election. We should be terrified at the
possibility of a Le Pen victory. But we should also be worried that a
Macron victory will be taken by Brussels and Berlin to mean that Brexit
was an aberration, that European voters can always be intimidated into
going along with what their betters say is necessary.
So
let’s be clear: Even if the worst is avoided this Sunday, all the
European elite will get is a time-limited chance to mend its ways.
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